Understanding Earth's Crust Earth's crust ranges from 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness and serves as the planet's outermost ...

A careful analysis of the complex boundary where four tectonic plates meet reveals that one of the slabs is tearing itself ...

Underwater volcanoes are powerful geological forces shaping our planet and oceans. These hidden giants form through tectonic ...

Jupiter's moon Io stands alone among the solar system's moons. It has more than 400 active volcanoes, and its surface is home ...

Experiments at high temperatures and pressures reveal chemistry that can generate water on the surface of exoplanets ...

Long before life thrived in Earth’s oceans, the planet’s magnetic field became disorganized. Deep within the ancient rocks of ...

New experiments show young rocky planets can generate water naturally when molten surfaces react with hydrogen in their early atmospheres.

Astronomers now understand that water-rich planets can form internally, even close to stars. A new study reveals that ...

Products That Are Still Made the Same Way In a world full of factories, automation, and conveyor belts, many people have ...

New research is reshaping how scientists understand the earliest days of Earth’s formation—suggesting that the deep interior of our planet locked in its defining features just 100 million years after ...

In a first, researchers have discovered fragments of Earth's precursor that contain distinctive chemical fingerprints in ancient rocks from Greenland, Canada and Hawaii.

Hidden deep in ancient rocks, scientists have found the surviving traces of Earth’s first form—unchanged for 4.5 billion years.